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Background: Among all endocrine disorders thyroid disorders are more common in India. Unfortunately people were not much aware about the causes and impact of thyroid diseases. Methods: The case control research design would be carried out on 300 purposively selected women who were attending Thyro Care Clinic, Karur District to assess the association between exposure to hair dye and the Goiter among women.

Results: The result showed that the calculated chi-square value (82.5) is more than the table value (3.84) for 1 degree of freedom at 0.05 level of significant. It reveals that there was strong association between the Exposure to hair dye and the goiter. The incident rate among exposed to hair dye was 52% and 5.8% among non exposed to hair dyes. The relative risk goiter among women exposed goiter was 8.96. The odds ratio shows that a risk of having the goiter among women exposed to hair dyes was 17.5 times higher than those who did not exposed to hair dyes.

Conclusion: The result confirmed that there was an significant association between the Exposure to hair dye and the goiter among women attending Thyro Care Clinic, Karur. This helps to conclude that the long term use of hair dye is one of the main risk factor for Goiter among Women.

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Child rearing behaviors are directly perceived, interpreted and evaluated by the child while adaptive behaviors are indirectly perceived, interpret and evaluated by others. But these two behaviors are directly influence the personal development of the child.

Objectives: The main objectives of this study are to assess the correlation between the child rearing practices and adaptive behaviour in school going children.

Design: A descriptive research design was used for the study.

Setting: SRK matriculation school at Pachampalayam, Namakkal (Dist).

Sample: School going children, SRK matriculation school at Pachampalayam, Namakkal (Dist).

Sampling Technique: Purposive sampling technique was used.

Sampling criteria: School going children in the age group of 6-8 years and both the sex. Data collection: Rating scale was used to collect the data.

Result: From the findings of the study it can be conclude that the highest percentage of childrens were in the age group of 8 years. Most of them were female.Most of the children where the second child, Educational status of the mother were good, illiterate mothers are very rare and most of them were unemployed.60% of the mothers were authoritative in child rearing practice and similarly 60% of the children having well adaptive behaviour.

Conclusion: The study can be concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between the child rearing practices and child adaptive behaviour.

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Background: American Academy of Pediatrics, (2006), stated on the basis of many studies as a coherence to review the efficacy of sucrose as an analgesic for procedural pain in infants. Sucrose becomes the focus of a potentially better practice for the pain and analgesia group.

Objective: The main objective of the study was evaluate the effectiveness of oral sucrose solution among infants under going venepuncture in experimental and control group.

Methodology: Quantitative approach - manipulative and evaluative approach was used.

Research design: Quasi Experimental Design - post test only with control group design.

Variables: Independent variable - 24% oral sucrose solution and Dependent variable - level of pain among infants.

Setting - Government Head Quarters Hospital, Erode.

Sample - infants undergoing Venepuncture in the Pediatric ward at the Government Head Quarters Hospital, Erode.

Sample size - 40 infants. (Experimental group- 20, Control group-20).

Sampling technique - purposive sampling [non- probability] technique.

Results: In experimental group, the mean score was 6, SD was ±0.95. Whereas in control group, the mean score was 9, SD was ±0.83. The mean difference between both the groups was 3 with the mean percent of 30%. The unpaired value was 16.66, which shows a statistical significance with the p value <0.05.

Conclusion: 24% oral sucrose solution was highly effective on infants under going venepuncture in experimental group.

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Background: Respiratory complications after tracheal extubation are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, suggesting that process improvements in this clinical area are needed. Reported rates of reintubation in the operating room and postanesthesia care unit between 0.1% and 0.45%, but is a fairly common event in critically ill patients (0.4%-25%).

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of biofeedback therapy on pulmonary function among extubated patients.

Design: Quasi-experimental design, where Pre and Post test Non equivalent Group design.

Setting: Dhanvantri Critical Care Centre, Erode, Tamilnadu.

Participants: Thirty extubated patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria.

Methods: Out of 30 patients, 15 patients were selected as experimental group and 15 patients were selected as control group by convenient sampling technique. Experimental group were motivated towards expected outcome with the use of Easy on PC operator machine. Level of pulmonary function was measured by pulmonary function observational rating scale before and after the procedure.

Results: The results show that most of the extubated patients were males, most of them extubated with in less than 7 days, had tracheal intubation and had diagnosis of poisoning. In post test, 80% percentage of patients had average pulmonary function in control group, whereas 87% had good pulmonary function in experimental group. The patient's level of pulmonary function improved from the mean value of 23.33 ± 8.96 to 28.33 ± 8.06 and 21.67 ± 7.78 to 32.07 ± 5.54 in control and experimental group respectively. Paired 't' test score was 12.33 and unpaired 't' test score was 4.42, which is significantly effective at P<0.05. Chi square test showed only age group in experimental group have significant association (P<0.05) and other demographic variables (gender, type of intubation, duration of intubation and type of diagnosis) have no significant (P>0.05) association with post test score of level of pulmonary function in both control and experimental group.

Conclusion: Biofeedback therapy is an effective intervention to improve the level pulmonary function among extubated patients.

Clinical applications: Biofeedback therapy can be employed different kind patients with pulmonary dysfunction. It is a diversional therapy, instead of using pharmacological interventions.

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Hemodialysis is the procedure to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidney cannot do so sufficiently through the process of diffusion, osmosis and ultra filtration using external dialyzer. Studies have revealed that, about one million people are undergoing haemodialysis worldwide. In haemodialysis patient there may be a chance for developing complications. To overcome the complications during procedure the researcher adopted the alternative therapies.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of Benson's relaxation technique Vs Music therapy on bio psychological parameters among patient under haemodialysis. Design: True experimental where Factorial design was used.

Setting: Government Head Quarters Hospital, Erode

Sample size: Total sample size was 30 patient under haemodialysis out of which 15 were experimental group I and 15 were experimental group II.

Sampling technique: Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample.

Methods: Experimental group I received Benson's relaxation technique and experimental group II received music therapy 30 minutes 3 times a week. Pre test was done by using Vital parameters observation tool and Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and post test was done by using the same scale on the 8th day.

Results: From the findings of the study it can be concluded that Most (46% and 40%) of the patients under haemodialysis were in the age group of above 50 years. Most (60% and 53%) of the patients under haemodialysis were male. Most (47% and 40%) of the patients under haemodialysis were under less than 3 hours and 3-4 hours duration of dialysis. Most (80% and) of the patients under haemodialysis had no previous history of dialysis. Most (47% and 53%) of the patients under haemodialysis had no/low trait anxiety and moderate trait anxiety. Most (94% and 100%) of the patients under haemodialysis were non medical profession. The paired't' value for experimental group I was 18.21 and 13.62 15.8 whereas in experimental group II 23.52 and anxiety was 17.42 respectively. Unpaired t test value for vital parameters was 15.96 and anxiety was 6.42. No significant between association between post test scores of bio psychological parameters with their demographic variables like age, gender, previous history of dialysis and occupation, whereas significant association in experimental group I trait anxiety and experimental group II was duration of dialysis and trait anxiety.

Conclusion: Benson's relaxation technique as well as Music therapy both can be used for bio psychological parameters among patient under haemodialysis. But music therapy was more effective than Benson's relaxation technique on bio psychological parameters among patient under haemodialysis

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Background: A United Nations projection to the year 2000 indicates that the number will increase to 590 million and by the year 2025 to over 1100 million. That is an increase of 24 percentages since 1975. The stress is a major factor which affects the health and wealth senior citizens. The investigation for old age stress is mandatory.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of nursing care bundle on stress among senior citizens.

Design: Pre experimental research design. Setting: Pallakkaplayam, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu.

Participants: 30 senior citizens who were residing at Pallakkaplayam, who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria.

Methods: 30 senior citizens were selected by purposive sampling technique. Structured interview stress assessment scale was used for assessing level of stress. The reliability of the tool was 8.29.

Results: This chapter dealt with analysis, interpretation of data collected to assess the effectiveness of nursing care bundle on stress. The findings revealed that the pre test mean stress score was (27.3±1.71) which was 68.25% whereas in post test mean stress score was (12.2±1.71). It indicates that the level of stress was reduced in the senior citizens after treatment with nursing care bundle. The paired "t" test score was 12.89,TV=2.05, (P at 0.05 level of significance) showed that nursing care bundle was effective on stress in senior citizens. Chi square test showed that there was a significant association between the pre test scores of senior citizens and their selected demographic variables of type of family and loss of spouse (P < 0.05) and there was a significant association between the demographic variable of age in years, gender, and age associated disorders (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The nursing care bundle was most effective in reduction of stress among senior citizens and can be used as an effective therapeutic and supportive measure.

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Background: Poisoning is the most common cause of death around the world.

Methods: Descriptive research design was used. 60 poisoned patients were included from OPC, oleander, cow-dung and Celphos types who were admitted in Dhanvantri Critical Care Centre, Erode. Purposive sampling technique was used. ECG changes were analyzed by ECG Changes observational check list. The data was obtained by using a demographic Performa and frequency percentage of ECG changes. The chi-square was calculated to find out the association between ECG changes scores, with their demographic variables.

Results: Most of the OPC patients had Normal sinus rhythm(93%), Ventricular Tachycardia(73%).Most of the Oleander poisoned patients had sinus bradycardia(100%), Normal sinus rhythm(100%), Atrial Tachyarrhythmia(53%). Most of the Cow-dung poisoned patients had, ST-depression(40%), ventricular Tachycardia(33%) , Atrial Tachyarrhythmia(33%). Most of the Celphos poisoned patients had Atrial fibrillation(60%), Atrial Tachy Arrythmia (40%), ST-elevation(40%).Comparison of mean, SD, mean percentage of OPC, oleander, cow-dung and celphos poisoned patients reveals that mean scores were 17.8±2.5, 15.8±1.96, 13.66±1.48, 14.53±1.60, the mean percentage were as follows 74%, 66%, 61% and 62%. It shows that ECG changes are most common in OPC poisoned patients. Chi-square test was found to be not significant among OPC and oleander poisoned patients. Among cow-dung poisoned patients, it reveals that no significant association found between Electrocardiographic changes with Age in years, Gender, Residence and Associated factors except for socio-economic status, Education, Marital status, and First aid measures. Among Celphos poisoned patients, it reveals that no significant association between Gender, Education and Associated factors except for Age in years, socio-economic status, Residence, Marital status, First aid measures at the level of (P<0.05). Conclusion: Poisoned patients are having ECG changes. Early diagnosis with appropriate treatment with specific antidotes and ICU management can minimize the fatal consequences of poisoning.

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Background: Developmental dyslexia affects between 5% and 17% of the population, representing a very large number of children. Although dyslexia is biological, reading can be improved with specific kinds of instruction and practice.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of developmental dyslexia among school going children.

Materials and methods:

Design Descriptive research design was used.

Samples: 30 parents of school going child selected by convenient sampling technique. Method of data collection: the mothers given the dyslexia questionnaire to fill.

Result - The finding depicts that prevalence of learning disorders was found among school going children. In the age group of 6 - 8 years 26% of them were 6 years old, 37% of them were 7 years old and 37% of them were 8 years old. It shows that 53% of them were not having history of delivery complications and 97% of them were not having history of developmental delay. . It shows that 60% of them were not having family history of learning disorders and 97% of them were not having family history of mental illness. The chi-square test reveals that the family history of learning disorder was associated with the scores of dyslexia assessment scale of school going children. The result shows that 26.7% of school going had mild dyslexia, 13.3% of school going had moderate dyslexia 6.7% of school going had severe dyslexia.

Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslexia is greater than the expected because of less awareness among mothers. It is necessary to implement treatment modalities to create awareness among general public and to improve the learning ability of the children.

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Background: Learning disabilities can affect one's ability to read, write, speak, spell, compute math, reason and also affect a person's attention, memory, coordination, social skills and emotional maturity.

Methods: The descriptive research design would be carried out on 30 purposively selected schoolers who were residing in Pallakkapalyam, Namakkal District to assess the association between learning disabilities and the family history of learning disabilities among schoolers. The observational checklist on learning disability was used.

Results: The result showed that the 40% of schoolers were with no disabilities, 43.3% had mild learning disabilities and 16.7% had severe learning disabilities, the schooler with family history of learning disabilities 3% had no disabilities, majority (24%) had mild learning disabilities, and 13% had severe learning disabilities. In the schooler without family history of learning disabilities majority (37%) had no disabilities, 20% had mild learning disabilities, and 3% had severe learning disabilities. The odds ratio shows that a risk of having the learning disability for schooler with the family history of learning disability was 17.28 times higher than those who do not having the family history of learning disability.

Conclusion: The result confirmed that there was an association between learning disabilities and the family history of learning disabilities among schoolers, this helps to conclude that the hereditary is one of the main risk factor for learning disabilities among children.

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Breast-feeding, influence children's academic achievement through brain development and general health. The purpose this study was to identify the relationship between the breast feeding and scholastic performance. The main objective of this study is to find out the association between the Scholastic Performance And Breast Feeding among cases and controls. 30 School Going Children at Government Primary School, Puthupalayam, Namakkal (Dt) were selected by purposive sampling technique identified 8 cases and 22 controlsi. The data were collected from the school teachers and parents. The calculated Odds ratio was 5.714. The study concluded that the academic performance of children who were breast more than 6 months was higher than the children who were breast less than 6 months

The researcher adopted Pre experimental, one group pre-test, post-test design. Based on the sampling criteria the researcher selected 46 care givers and 30 of them were selected on the lottery method for the analysis of the study scores. The educational programme was conducted in groups in six sessions. The tools, Socio demographic profile of both caregivers and patients and Knowledge Assessment Checklist of Schizophrenia Relapse Prevention were used to collect data. Analysis is done by Paired t-Test by Comparison of pre and post test values for the effectiveness of the structured programme and to check the association with socio demographic variables Pearson correlation and independent t-Test were employed.

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OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to find out the association between the physical fitness and academic performance among Schooler at Sri Raghavendra Metric Higher Secondary school.

SETTING: Sri Raghavendra Metric Higher Secondary school Nammakkal (Dt).

DESIGN: A descriptive design was used for the study.

SAMPLE: Schooler in Sri Raghavendra Metric Higher Secondary school.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Convenient sampling technique was used.

SAMPLING CRITERIA: Age10-12 years, both sex, Available during the data collection period, willing to participate.

DATA COLLECTION: Structured check list was used to collect the data from the samples.

RESULTS: Findings depicts were in the age group of 10 to 12 years. 68% of them were females. 74% of them had no hereditary factor. It shows that 17% of them had consistent problem in school performance, 60% of them had infrequent problem and 23% of them had no problem in school performance. This shows that children have infrequent problem in school performance Chi-square test revealed that there is a significant association between the physical fitness and academic performance among children with their demographic variables.

Conclusion: Very little awareness is seen among the public. It is high necessity to propaganda the various physical exercise and extracurricular activities should be promoted to improve the academic performance of the children.

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The promotion of self care has been recognized as an important aspect of managing demand for health care more effectively. The purpose this study was to describe general self - care practices of middle adolescents. In addition the, relation between the general self - care practices and specific socio cultural and socio economic characteristics. The main objective of this study is to assess the influence on socio economic and cultural characteristics on self care practice among adolescents. 30 Middle adolescent from Government Higher Secondary School, Muniyappankovil, Namakkal (Dist) were selected by purposive sampling technique. Check list was used to collect the data from the samples. The study can be concluded that the socio economic and cultural characteristics have an influence on the self care practices of the middle adolescents.

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